How to Write an Essay :: essays research papers fc

1. What is an essay? An organised collection of YOUR IDEAS about literary texts nicely written and professionally presented . In other words, the essay must be well structured (ie organised) and presented in a way that the reader finds easy to follow and clear: it must look tidy and not present any obstacles to the reader. It must have a clear readable interesting style. But, above all, it must consist of your ideas about literary texts. This is the centre of it: this, and this only, gets the marks. Not quotes from critics, not generalisations at second hand about literary history, not filling and padding; your thoughts, that you have had while in the act of reading specific bits of literary texts, which can be adduced in the form of quotations to back up your arguments. 2. Why write in this way? 2.1 Learning how to write professionally In the English Department you learn how to respond to literary texts. This is an interesting and worthwhile thing to do, but unless you become a teacher of English remarkably few people in later life will be interested in your thoughts about Jane Austen. What they will be interested in (I'm talking about potential employers now, but not only them) is your ability to talk, to think, and to write. This part of the course is where you learn to write: professionally. The guidelines that follow tell you how to do it, or rather how to learn to do it. They set a higher standard than is usually asked of a first year undergraduate essay in this Department. This is for the following reasons. (1) I think it's my job to offer you the best advice I can, not to tell you how to get by. (2) If you learn what these guidelines teach, you will get better marks in all the essays you do from now on until finals. You will surprise the markers with the quality of your presentations, by producing a better quality than they expect. (3) You will learn a skill, a not-very-hard-to-learn skill, that will last you for the rest of your life. 3. Collecting the material The first task is to get the material together. The material comes in two kinds: primary and secondary sources. Primary sources in this case are literary texts: the actual material that you work on. Secondary sources are works of criticism. Here is your Second Important Message:

Positioning of Absolut Vodka

Absolut Positioning. This report will describe the concept of positioning, effective positioning and its relation to segmentation. It will analyse the positioning of Absolut vodka in its market share. In this report the relevant positioning criteria will be identified and appropriate positioning maps to support the analysis will be used. In addition, suggestions on how to improve and develop the Absolut’s positioning will be given as well. In order to apply the relevant academic theory to the positioning of Absolut Vodka brand the definition and idea of positioning concept needs to be identified.Adcock, Halborg and Ross (2001) provide the positioning definition made by Ries and Trout that say that it is ‘what happens in the mind of customers. ’ Brassington and Pettitt (2003) write that positioning ‘means thinking about a product in the context of the competitive space it occupies in its market, defined in terms of attributes that matter to the target market. ’ It is possible to state that positioning is the identification of position of certain brand and its total image among different other brands in the minds of target audience.Positioning includes the evaluation of competitive advantages and brand’s niche. The main purpose of  positioning  is to achieve  sustainable  view in  the minds of  consumers about the brand  as the best  one in particular sphere. It is known that all offered services and products are taking their place with main goal to satisfy customer’s wants and needs. Consequently, in case with effective positioning goods and services have to ‘promise the benefit the customer will receive, create the expectation, and offer a solution to the customer’s problem’, according to http://www. marketing91. com.Effective positioning needs to be unique and realistic, it has to be related to current position, should be long term and yet updated and improved during the time pe riod. Also, product needs to be in the mind of customers’. According to Wind (1980), there are six principles for product positioning. Firstly, positioning can be based on product one and only feature. Also, positioning may be related to product’s benefit that may satisfy consumer’s wants and needs. Besides, positioning can be based according to usage and/or occasion. Additionally, products can be based on competitors and on product class.Another principle that company can use to position product is to base it on user category. Segmentation In order to run business successfully it is essential to understand the concept of market segmentation. Backer (2003) argues that ‘positioning is easy. Market segmentation is difficult. Positioning problems stem from poor segmentation’. Company needs to work only with segment that has been chosen. Absolut Facts (Appendix 1) Speaking about Absolut Vodka, the first question that comes up is: â€Å"Why such unsophi sticated drink has become so successful and popular? when Russian vodka was the most recognised product, occupying the whole niche in industry, when Absolut’s bottleneck was too short for barman to handle and the whole bottle caused the negative associations with pharmacy jars. The answer to the question is: an excellent positioning strategies and advertising actions. Position Absolut possess itself as premium vodka that is not just an alcoholic drink, but lifestyle. It is shown as a beverage for the sophisticated and upper-end people; it is ‘for status buyers who are not open to snob appeal, but open to wit’. Absolut targets people ‘under 35’, those who are ‘ferociously hip’.Absolut has created the conditions, when people are ready to pay premium price (price is 15% higher than most expensive vodka brands) to join the ‘bohemian’ coterie that appreciates the high quality vodka. Due to great positioning and advertising action s the brand itself is now associated with art, music and singers, luxurious clubs that represent the Absolut diction. ‘Once marketers identify the position they would like to occupy in the market, they design a unique marketing mix that will support that position by reaching that target market and meeting its needs’ –Bovee, Houston, Thill (1995).The combination of promotion, product, price and place will assist in the brand’s positioning in order to distinguish it from competitive companies. Marketing mix in case with Absolut: Promotion is the ‘business of communicating with customers’ – The Times 100. In order to promote the brand Absolut releases the limited bottle editions, creative ads etc. Product One of the famous brand’s features is bottle’s shape that is shown in creative, humorous and trendy manner. Also, there is much attention paid to Sweden culture, history and background of vodka.Additionally, there is no doub t that company emphasises on quality of Absolut using high technologies, sources and products in order to maintain its status of super premium spirit. Price As it was mentioned, price is very high compared to other vodka manufacturers. However, Absolut is targeting the certain segment of people that are willing and ready to pay more for status drink. Place The Times 100 explains that ‘place is concerned with various methods of transporting and storing goods, and then making them available for the customer. Getting the right product to the right place at the right time involves the distribution system. According to www. absolut. com there are famous Ice bars in London, Stockholm, Copenhagen and Tokyo under Absolut brand. This fact again supports the idea that Absolut is not a drink but lifestyle. Positioning map ‘Once the positioning has been completed for all the relevant attributes, it is useful to be able to visualise the complete picture graphically, by creating a per ceptual map of the market’ as Brassington and Pettitt (2003) explain. Using http://oliver. efri. hr/~medmark/dokumenti/absolute_vodka. pdf and Mintel’s Vodka – UK – March 2009 report the positioning map for vodka brands may be structured as following:Platinum vodka – the price is higher than ? 40 for 70cl (Mintel) Super premium vodka – is ? 25 or more for 70cl (Mintel) Premium – ? 14. 94-? 24. 99 for 70cl (Mintel) Own-label – ? 4. 82-? 21. 83 according to http://www. supermarketownbrandguide. co. uk Mintel provides the diagram (Appendix 2) that shows the UK market share of vodka, 2008. According to that, it is possible to state that Absolut competes with Smirnoff Red which ‘in the UK is the brand leader ‘the sophisticated one’ the establishment’ – Adcock, Halborg, Ross (2001). Smirnoff is less expensive and yet quality (around ? 1 per bottle) and is famous because of its ‘Russia-nessâ€⠄¢ (however, it is known Smirnoff comes from Connecticut, USA). Suggestions For Absolut it is important to continue its development researching its competitors and stick with its target market. Company has to be very sensitive to its customers’ demand changes and actions of competitors (direct and potential) – their profitability, weaknesses and strengths. Absoult needs to understand and know competitors as much as it is possible. Company ‘should not be surprised if it falls to stay ahead’ as Backer (2003) states. BibliographyAdcock, D, Halborg, A, Ross, C (2001). Marketing principles and practice. 4th ed. Essex: Financial Times Management. p172-177. Backer, M (2003). The Marketing Book. 5th ed. Oxford: Butterworth Heinemann. p106. Brassington, F, Pettitt, S (2003). Principles of Marketing. Essex: Financial Times. p116-197. Courtland, B, Houston, M, Thill, J (1995). Marketing. 2nd ed. NY: McGraw-Hill. p202 Kotler, P, G Armstrong, J Saunders and V Wong, 199 9, Principles of Marketing, second European edition, (Upper Saddle River: Prentice Hall) Wind, Y, 1980, Going to Market: new twists for some old tricks, Wharton Magazine, 4Absolut. (2012). Absolut Vodka. Available: www. absolut. com. Last accessed 16th Apr 2012. Bhasin, H. (2010). Effective positioning. Available: http://www. marketing91. com/effective-positioning/. Last accessed 15th Apr 2012. Oliver, E. (2010). Absolut Vodka. Available: http://oliver. efri. hr/~medmark/dokumenti/absolute_vodka. pdf. Last accessed 16th Apr 2012. Supermarket own brand guide. (2012). Spirits. Available: http://www. supermarketownbrandguide. co. uk/search. php? SearchString=vodka;Search. x=69;Search. y=18;score;price=0;pricevalue=0. 0;table=spirits. The Times 100 ; Wilson and Wilson Publishing Ltd. (2011). Marketing mix. Available: http://businesscasestudies. co. uk/business-theory/marketing/marketing-mix-price-place-promotion-product. html#ixzz1s6QeVriC. Last accessed 15th Apr 2012. Mintel Vodka, UK, March (2009). Vodka – can fashion last forever. [Online] Available at: http://academic. mintel. com/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show;/display/id=393884 [Accessed: April 2012]. White Spirits and RTDs, UK, March (2011). Competitive Context. [Online]. Available at: http://academic. mintel. om/sinatra/oxygen_academic/search_results/show;/display/id=545336/display/id=569847 [Accessed: April 2012]. Appendices 1. ABSOLUT VODKA, introduced in the US in 1979, is the fourth largest international premium spirit in the world and is available in more than 150 markets. ABSOLUT VODKA is the number two brand of premium vodka worldwide. (Source: Impact International) Since its launch in 1979, ABSOLUT VODKA has achieved significant worldwide sales growth, from 10,000 nine-liter cases (90,000 liters) to 11. 0 million nine-liter cases in 2010 (99. 0 millions of liters).Every bottle of ABSOLUTVODKA is produced in Ahus, in southern Sweden. ABSOLUT VODKA is produced from winter wheat, a hardy wheat grain that gives ABSOLUT VODKA its smooth grain character. Every year approximately 80,000 tons are used to produce ABSOLUT VODKA. Over one kilo (two pounds) of grain is used for every one-liter bottle. ABSOLUT VODKA uses a unique process called continuous distillation, introduced in the nineteenth century by ‘‘The Vodka King’’, Lars Olsson Smith. ABSOLUT VODKA is distilled hundreds of times until all impurities have been removed 2.

Essay on Family Health Assessment - 1257 Words

Family Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. By the use of family focused open ended questions, 11 functional health patterns were covered. This principle is known as the Gordon’s functional health patterns. This assessment tool included 11 systematic principles for data collection of the family, and assists the nurses to develop a nursing diagnosis and appropriate interventions. Using Gordon’s functional health patterns, this paper will summarize†¦show more content†¦They give special consideration, choosing healthy and nutritious food when grocery shopping. When asked the question related to elimination pattern, the family revealed that all family members have normal bowel and bladder patt erns, and the two year old is undergoing toilet training. The question related to activity and exercise patterns, the family members stated that they are physically active and find time to take their children out to the park. They try to find some time for aerobic exercises such as walking. However when asked about the sleep/rest patterns, the parents stated that they are not getting adequate sleep. Both the father and mother seem to have an equal responsibility in ensuring that the family is financially sound. The father is working part time, and going to school to finish a nursing degree. The mother has a fulltime job as a Registered nurse, and is working at night. Both parents work opposite shifts so they can look after their children, but the parents make sure that their children get adequate sleep and rest. Based on the cognitive-perceptual pattern assessment, the family stated that they collect up to date information from the internet regarding good health habits and fitness, along with reading magazines and journals for gainin g knowledge. They are also knowledgeable about immunization and give special attention in updating their children’s immunization, and makes sure to receive annual flu shots. Likewise,Show MoreRelatedFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment Essay1469 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment Family is so important in the society and it is a blessing from God. Healthy behaviors learn from within the family and family member’s stimulus one to each other with health promotion practices. There fore, the health behaviors are very essential in the family assessment and which notifies health-promotion and disease-prevention. Within families, members will be the first one to learn about to promoting health. Families have impact on children’s lifestyle choices. The AmericanRead MoreFamily Health Assessment : Family Assessment1884 Words   |  8 Pages Family Health Assessment The family assessment involves a simultaneous data collection on individual family members or if able the whole family. The nurses and other healthcare professionals interview individuals and family as a whole to understand and assess the health of the family. This interview help professionals detecting the possible origin or factors contributes to the family’s health problems. The Gordon’s functional health pattern will be used as a model to collect and organizeRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1252 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Health Assessment A family health assessment is an important tool in formulating a health care plan for a family. This paper will discuss the nurse’s role in family assessment and how this task is performed. A nurse has an important role in health promotion. To perform these tasks the author has chosen a nuclear family. 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A family healthRead MoreFamily Health Assessment1537 Words   |  7 PagesFamily Health Assessment Melody Moore Grand Canyon University NRS-429V Instructor: Renita Holmes May 10th 2013 Family Health Assessment A comprehensive family assessment provides a foundation to promote family health (Edelmanamp;Mandle, 2011).Gordon’s functional health patterns is a method developed by Marjorie Gordon in 1987 in which she proposed functional health patterns as a guide to establishing a comprehensive data base.(Kriegleramp;Harton,1992).Gordon’s eleven functional health